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                  <text>Crustáceos / Crustaceans</text>
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                  <text>A coleção de crustáceos do MUHNAC foi iniciada em 1984, compreendendo mais de 80.000 exemplares. A colecção é na sua maioria de Portugal e de alguns países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa, nomeadamente Angola, Cabo Verde, Moçambique e Guiné. Existem também exemplares do resto da África e Europa.&#13;
A colecção resulta da recolha de exemplares em campanhas dirigidas para a sua reconstituição após o incêndio, em trabalhos de investigação e doações. As doações permitiram a integração de espécimes capturados anteriormente a 1978.&#13;
&#13;
The crustacean collection of MUHNAC was started in 1984, comprising more than 80,000 specimens. It incorporates mostly crustaceans from Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries, namely Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique and Guinea. There are also specimens from other places in Africa and Europe.&#13;
The collection results from after the fire campaigns, from research and donations. The donations allowed the integration of specimens captured previously to 1978.&#13;
&#13;
Curadora / Curator: Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Telefone / Telephone: 213921850 &#13;
Endereço electrónico / e-mail : macartaxana@fc.ul.pt</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Penaeus duorarum&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Esp&amp;eacute;cime de camar&amp;atilde;o da esp&amp;eacute;cie &lt;em&gt;Penaeus duorarum&lt;/em&gt; da colec&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de crust&amp;aacute;ceos dec&amp;aacute;podes do MUHNAC</text>
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                <text>Specimen of the species &lt;em&gt;Penaeus duorarum&lt;/em&gt; from the Crustacea decapoda collection of the Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia</text>
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                <text>Carcinologia</text>
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                <text>Esp&amp;eacute;cime de &lt;em&gt;Penaeus duorarum&lt;/em&gt; da colec&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de crust&amp;aacute;ceos dec&amp;aacute;podes (MB12-000894) do Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia</text>
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                <text>Specimen of the species &lt;em&gt;Penaeus duorarum&lt;/em&gt; from the Crustacea decapoda collection (MB12-000894) of the Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia</text>
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                <text>Cristiana Gonçalves e Margarida Antunes (fotografia)</text>
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                <text>Alexandra Cartaxana (curadora)</text>
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                <text>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Bibliotecas Darwinianas  em Portugal: apresentação de um estudo bibliométrico de Darwin em Portugal.</text>
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                <text>Ana Leonor Pereira,&#13;
João Rui Pita,&#13;
Pedro Ricardo Fonseca</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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Resumo em inglês </text>
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                <text>Abstract&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;The article presents a bibliometric study of Charles Darwin (1809--1882) in Portugal. This work &amp;lsquo;s purpose is to provide new information on the projection achieved by the English naturalist in our country (Portugal), through the inventory and analysis of all copies with his authorship that were available in Portuguese public libraries during the 19th and 20th centuries. After a description of the research methodology employed, the bibliometric data of two libraries from Coimbra is presented in accordance with a presentation model that was elaborated with that purpose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo &lt;br /&gt;O artigo apresenta um estudo bibliom&amp;eacute;trico de Charles Darwin (1809-1882) em Portugal. O objetivo do trabalho &amp;eacute; fornecer novas informa&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es sobre a proje&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o alcan&amp;ccedil;ada pelo naturalista ingl&amp;ecirc;s no nosso pa&amp;iacute;s, atrav&amp;eacute;s da inventaria&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e da an&amp;aacute;lise de todos os exemplares de trabalhos da sua autoria que se encontravam dispon&amp;iacute;veis em bibliotecas p&amp;uacute;blicas portuguesas nos s&amp;eacute;culos XIX e XX. Ap&amp;oacute;s uma descri&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da metodologia de investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o utilizada, s&amp;atilde;o apresentados os dados bibliom&amp;eacute;tricos de duas bibliotecas de Coimbra de acordo com um modelo expositivo elaborado para o efeito.</text>
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                <text>Pereira AL, JR Pita, PR Fonseca. 2014. Bibliotecas Darwinianas em Portugal: apresenta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de um estudo bibliom&amp;eacute;trico de Darwin em Portugal. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 359-381.</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>O “Arquivo Histórico Museu Bocage” e a história da história natural em Portugal.</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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Resumo em inglês&#13;
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                <text>Abstract&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;The beginning of modern studies in natural history in Portugal is located in the second half of the eighteenth century, corresponding to the arrival of the paduan naturalist Domingos Vandelli to the country. This will be the main responsible for foundation and organization of the main scientific and museological complex in the country, the Botanical Garden and the Royal Cabinet of Natural History of Ajuda in Lisbon in the year 1768. This establishment would prove to be the embryo of the current National Museum of Natural History. During a temporal period of more than 240 years, the Cabinet has increased, transformed, moved, suffered catastrophes and reached the highest scientific achievements. Following a troubled journey, but almost linear, the Cabinet of Ajuda collections has been transferred to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1836, giving rise to the Museum of Lisbon, which, in turn, would also be transferred in 1858 to Polytechnic School of Lisbon, where it remains today, having witnessed the end of that school and the birth of the University of Lisbon in 1911. Thus, until 1978, when a terrible fire that destroyed almost completely the Museum collections and the scientific knowledge accumulated during more than two centuries were together in the same space. Miraculously saved from the fire, the Historical Archive of the Museum Bocage, testifies in itself, reflected in documents and miscellaneous materials, the Portuguese scientific labor and efforts started in the distant year of 1768, covering all &amp;ldquo;periods&amp;rdquo;, characters and events. The Archive is thus a unique and valuable resource for the study of Natural History and all that concerns it in Portugal. It appears therefore as one of the most important collections of the Museum of utmost importance for the History of Science and the Museum and for the very actual biological research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo &lt;br /&gt;O in&amp;iacute;cio dos estudos modernos em Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural em Portugal situa-se na segunda metade do s&amp;eacute;culo XVIII, correspondendo &amp;agrave; chegada do naturalista paduano Domingos Vandelli ao pa&amp;iacute;s. Este vai ser o respons&amp;aacute;vel pela funda&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e organiza&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o do principal complexo cient&amp;iacute;fico-museol&amp;oacute;gico do pa&amp;iacute;s, o Jardim Bot&amp;acirc;nico e o Real Gabinete de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural da Ajuda, em Lisboa, no ano de 1768. Este estabelecimento viria a revelar-se como o embri&amp;atilde;o do atual Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia. Durante um per&amp;iacute;odo temporal de mais de 240 anos, o Gabinete aumentou, transformou-se, deslocou-se, sofreu cat&amp;aacute;strofes e alcan&amp;ccedil;ou os mais altos feitos cient&amp;iacute;ficos. Seguindo um trajeto atribulado, mas quase linear, todo o recheio do Gabinete da Ajuda foi transferido para as instala&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es da Real Academia das Ci&amp;ecirc;ncias de Lisboa, em 1836, dando origem ao Museu de Lisboa, que, por sua vez, seria tamb&amp;eacute;m transferido, em 1858 para a Escola Polit&amp;eacute;cnica de Lisboa, onde se manteria at&amp;eacute; hoje, tendo testemunhado o fim da dita escola e o nascimento da Universidade de Lisboa em 1911. Assim, at&amp;eacute; 1978, data do terr&amp;iacute;vel inc&amp;ecirc;ndio que destruiria quase que por completo o Museu, as cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es e o conhecimento cient&amp;iacute;fico acumulados durante mais de dois s&amp;eacute;culos encontravam-se juntas num mesmo espa&amp;ccedil;o. Miraculosamente salvo do inc&amp;ecirc;ndio, o Arquivo Hist&amp;oacute;rico do Museu Bocage cont&amp;eacute;m em si o testemunho, espelhado em documentos e material diverso, do esfor&amp;ccedil;o e labor cientifico portugu&amp;ecirc;s iniciado no long&amp;iacute;nquo ano de 1768, cobrindo todas as suas &amp;ldquo;&amp;eacute;pocas&amp;rdquo;, personagens e acontecimentos. O Arquivo &amp;eacute; assim um recurso &amp;uacute;nico e precioso para o estudo da Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e de tudo o que lhe diga respeito em Portugal. Revela-se portanto como uma das cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es mais importantes do Museu, de maior import&amp;acirc;ncia para a Hist&amp;oacute;ria da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia e do Museu e para as pr&amp;oacute;prias investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es biol&amp;oacute;gicas atuais.</text>
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                <text>Cer&amp;iacute;aco LMP. 2014. O &amp;ldquo;Arquivo Hist&amp;oacute;rico Museu Bocage&amp;rdquo; e a hist&amp;oacute;ria da hist&amp;oacute;ria natural em Portugal. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 329-358.</text>
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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="105763">
                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>O passado, presente e futuro como ilusão persistente: A antropologia biológica no Museu Nacional de História Natural.</text>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro:  &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Hugo F. V. Cardoso</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106294">
                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106295">
                <text>2014</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106296">
                <text>Português  &#13;
Resumo em inglês&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Abstract&lt;br /&gt;Since 1907, documented human skeletal collections have provided the impetus for most of the biological anthropology research that has been undertaken at the National Museum of Natural History. The hiring of the first anthropologist for the department of zoology and anthropology at the National Museum, in 1919, resulted from the initial stimulus provided by the donation of the Ferraz de Macedo collection. Earlier in 1911, the same collection motivated the creation of the anthropology course at the Faculty of Sciences, to which the Museum was attached. Eighty years later, following the fire which destroyed the Ferraz de Macedo collection, a new collection filled in the loss and provided an additional drive. In a short amount of time, the National Museum of Natural History gained international notoriety in skeletal biology research, and was able to improve the conditions in both the skeletal collections and the anthropology laboratory. Nonetheless, due to the transient nature of the work carried out by Museum researchers, biological anthropology was never firmly established at this institution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo &lt;br /&gt;Desde 1907 que as cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es de esqueletos humanos identificados s&amp;atilde;o a for&amp;ccedil;a motriz de quase toda a investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o que, no Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural, &amp;eacute; levada a cabo em antropologia biol&amp;oacute;gica. A doa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o Ferraz de Macedo deu o primeiro est&amp;iacute;mulo, motivando a contrata&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de um antrop&amp;oacute;logo &amp;agrave; rec&amp;eacute;m-nomeada se&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o zool&amp;oacute;gica e antropol&amp;oacute;gica do Museu Nacional em 1919, e anteriormente em 1911 a cria&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da cadeira de antropologia na Faculdade de Ci&amp;ecirc;ncias, &amp;agrave; qual o Museu estava anexo. Cerca de 80 anos depois, e na sequ&amp;ecirc;ncia do devastador inc&amp;ecirc;ndio que destruiu a cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o Ferraz de Macedo, uma nova cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o deu um impulso adicional, ao mesmo tempo que restitu&amp;iacute;a o Museu do patrim&amp;oacute;nio perdido. Em pouco tempo, o Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural ganhou uma importante notoriedade internacional na investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o relacionada com o esqueleto humano e assistiu a melhorias fundamentais no estado de conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o do seu acervo e laborat&amp;oacute;rio de antropologia. Contudo, a antropologia nunca se estabeleceu de forma permanente na institui&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, sobretudo devido ao caracter transit&amp;oacute;rio daqueles que a&amp;iacute; se dedicaram &amp;agrave; investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o.</text>
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            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106299">
                <text>Cardoso HFV. 2014. O passado, presente e futuro como ilus&amp;atilde;o persistente: A antropologia biol&amp;oacute;gica no Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 303-328.</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="105763">
                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>As cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es zool&amp;oacute;gicas do Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro:  &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves,&#13;
Cristiane Bastos-Silveira,&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana, &#13;
Diana Carvalho,&#13;
Teresa Catry,&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia,&#13;
José Pedro Granadeiro,&#13;
Luís Filipe Lopes,&#13;
Paulo A. M. Marques,&#13;
Natacha Mesquita,&#13;
Rui Rebelo&#13;
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106276">
                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="106278">
                <text>Português  &#13;
Resumo em inglês&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Abstract&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;The natural history collections are important repositories of biodiversity and fundamental reference systems. They document the diversity of the natural world, allowing to reconstruct a &amp;ldquo;memory&amp;rdquo; of natural patterns and processes, providing critical information for the resolution of relevant issues to society such as the effect of climate change, loss of biodiversity, the selection of relevant areas for conservation or the discovery of new natural resources. Furthermore, they also have an important role in science outreach and scientific culture promotion. In this chapter we discuss the value of natural history collections focusing specifically on the zoological collections of the Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, since its foundation, throughout the fire of 1978, to the present day. The Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, has been investing in the best curatorial practices and in valuing its collections in order to strengthen its role as a scientific infrastructure, accessible to researchers and the society in general. To do so, the museum gives the scientific community open access to the collections and their associated information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo &lt;br /&gt;As cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es de hist&amp;oacute;ria natural s&amp;atilde;o importantes reposit&amp;oacute;rios de biodiversidade e sistemas de refer&amp;ecirc;ncia fundamentais. Documentam a diversidade do mundo natural, permitindo reconstruir uma &amp;ldquo;mem&amp;oacute;ria&amp;rdquo; de padr&amp;otilde;es e processos naturais e fornecendo informa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o fundamental para a resolu&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de quest&amp;otilde;es relevantes para a sociedade, como o efeito das altera&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es clim&amp;aacute;ticas, a perda da biodiversidade, a sele&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de &amp;aacute;reas com import&amp;acirc;ncia para a conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o ou a descoberta de novos recursos naturais. T&amp;ecirc;m ainda um papel importante na divulga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o cient&amp;iacute;fica e promo&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da cultura cient&amp;iacute;fica. Neste cap&amp;iacute;tulo abordamos o valor das cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es de hist&amp;oacute;ria natural com particular enfoque nas cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es zool&amp;oacute;gicas do Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, desde a sua cria&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, passando pelo inc&amp;ecirc;ndio de 1978, at&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; atualidade. O Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia tem vindo a investir na gest&amp;atilde;o e valoriza&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o das suas cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es, de forma a refor&amp;ccedil;ar o seu papel como infraestrutura cient&amp;iacute;fica, acess&amp;iacute;vel a investigadores e &amp;agrave; sociedade em geral. Para isso, disponibiliza &amp;agrave; comunidade cient&amp;iacute;fica as suas cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es e respetiva informa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o.</text>
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                <text>Alves MJ, C Bastos-Silveira, A Cartaxana, D Carvalho, T Catry, AM Correia, JP Granadeiro, LF Lopes, PAM Marques, N Mesquita, R Rebelo. 2014. As cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es zool&amp;oacute;gicas do Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 289-301.</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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                <text>Abstract&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Assuming that evolution deals with the creation and extinction of biological diversity (a theme so dear to whom we celebrate here), we analyze in this work its genetic basis. For that a short theoretical framework is given and minimal and the problems related to the various levels at which genetic diversity can be defined (multifactorial, intra- and interspecific) are discussed. Finally, the implications in the context of biodiversity and conservation are analyzed and debated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo &lt;br /&gt;Partindo do princ&amp;iacute;pio que a evolu&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o trata do aparecimento e desaparecimento da diversidade biol&amp;oacute;gica - que tanto interessava o homenageado, aborda-se aqui a sua vertente gen&amp;eacute;tica. Para isso, feito o enquadramento te&amp;oacute;rico m&amp;iacute;nimo necess&amp;aacute;rio, faz-se a sua defini&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o nos seus diversos n&amp;iacute;veis (muitifatorial, intra- e interpopulacional) e abordam-se os problemas da sua generaliza&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o. Finalmente analisam-se e discutem-se as suas implica&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es no contexto da biodiversidade e sua conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o.</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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Resumo em inglês&#13;
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                <text>Abstract&lt;br /&gt; The concept of &lt;em&gt;refugium&lt;/em&gt; and of some related consequences are discussed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt; O conceito de &lt;em&gt;refugium&lt;/em&gt; e algumas das suas consequ&amp;ecirc;ncias s&amp;atilde;o discutidos.</text>
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                <text>Duarte-Rodrigues P. 2014. De que falamos quando falamos em &lt;em&gt;refugia&lt;/em&gt;?&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt; MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 239-275.</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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Margarida Matos</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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Resumo em inglês&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;The quest for an evolutionary perspective of human history dates back to Charles Darwin. This chapter reviews the history of eugenics and sociobiology, starting from Darwin, and analysis the (apparent?) reluctance of evolutionary biologists in engaging on the debate over the evolutionary legacy of behavioral and cognition traits in our species. We show that the greatest conflicts over the proposal of a genetic basis for cognition and behavior did revolved over ideological rather than scientific issues. We defend that evolutionary biology can, and should, contribute to correct some aspects of the most recent proposal on this subject, evolutionary psychology. Our species enjoys a level of cognition and of cooperation like no other on the planet. We suggest that efforts should be joined with the social sciences and the neurosciences to explain how this came about.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;A procura de um enquadramento evolutivo da hist&amp;oacute;ria da esp&amp;eacute;cie humana remonta a Charles Darwin. Este cap&amp;iacute;tulo rev&amp;ecirc; a hist&amp;oacute;ria da eugenia e da sociobiologia, partindo de Darwin, e analisa a sua import&amp;acirc;ncia para a (aparente?) relut&amp;acirc;ncia dos bi&amp;oacute;logos evolutivos em participar no debate sobre o legado evolutivo das caracter&amp;iacute;sticas cognitivas e comportamentais da nossa esp&amp;eacute;cie. Mostramos que o grande conflito &amp;agrave; volta da proposta sobre a exist&amp;ecirc;ncia de uma base gen&amp;eacute;tica para a cogni&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o ou o comportamento, n&amp;atilde;o foi maioritariamente gerado por quest&amp;otilde;es cient&amp;iacute;ficas mas ideol&amp;oacute;gicas. Defendemos que a biologia evolutiva pode e deve contribuir para corrigir a orienta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da linha de investiga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o mais recente nesta tem&amp;aacute;tica, a psicologia evolutiva. &amp;Eacute; ineg&amp;aacute;vel que a nossa esp&amp;eacute;cie difere de todas as outras pela sua elevada cogni&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e n&amp;iacute;vel de coopera&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o. Sugerimos que a conjuga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de esfor&amp;ccedil;os com as ci&amp;ecirc;ncias sociais e as neuroci&amp;ecirc;ncias ser&amp;aacute; determinante para explicar como cheg&amp;aacute;mos aqui.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Vala F, M Matos. 2014. Pensar a nossa esp&amp;eacute;cie &amp;agrave; luz da teoria evolutiva: passado e presente. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 197-237.</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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                <text>Inglês  &#13;
Resumo em português&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;The development of the binominal system of biological nomenclature, universally used among scientists to name all living species, has been unquestionably attributed to Linnaeus (Carl von Linn&amp;eacute;). That conviction, propagated in numerous works dealing with systematics, is so definite that &lt;em&gt;Species Plantarum&lt;/em&gt; (1753) and &lt;em&gt;Systema Naturae&lt;/em&gt; (10th edition, 1758) were taken as starting points for the enforcement of the international codes of botanical and zoological nomenclature, respectively. The main argument is that those were the first published works where binominal nomenclature was consistently used to designate species in unabridged publications on botany and zoology. Notwithstanding, an analysis of &lt;em&gt;Philosophia Botanica&lt;/em&gt;, in which Linnaeus explains the bases of his principles on classification and nomenclature, along with that of the above mentioned works, leads to a different interpretation of Linnaeus&amp;rsquo; nomenclature. Nowhere in his works did Linnaeus state, or even suggest, that the scientific name of a species should be composed of two words only. On the contrary, Linnaeus explicitly adopted polynomial designations as the legitimate scientific names for species, just as his predecessors did. As an attempt to find how binominal nomenclature was established as a scientific nomenclatural system some 18th century key works of naturalists C. A. Clerck, G. A. Scopoli, W. Hudson, P. S. Pallas, S. G. Gmelin and J. Ch. Fabricius were analysed.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;O desenvolvimento da nomenclatura binominal, universalmente utilizada entre os cientistas para designar esp&amp;eacute;cies biol&amp;oacute;gicas, tem sido inquestionavelmente atribu&amp;iacute;do a Lineu (Carl von Linn&amp;eacute;). Tal convic&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, divulgada por numerosos trabalhos de sistem&amp;aacute;tica, &amp;eacute; t&amp;atilde;o inequ&amp;iacute;voca que &lt;em&gt;Species Plantarum&lt;/em&gt; (1753) e &lt;em&gt;Systema Naturae&lt;/em&gt; (10&amp;ordf; edi&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, 1758) s&amp;atilde;o tomados como pontos de partida para a aplica&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o das normas institu&amp;iacute;das nos c&amp;oacute;digos internacionais de nomenclatura bot&amp;acirc;nica e zool&amp;oacute;gica, respectivamente. O principal argumento &amp;eacute; que esses foram os primeiros trabalhos em que a nomenclatura binominal foi consistentemente utilizada para designar esp&amp;eacute;cies em publica&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es abrangentes nas &amp;aacute;reas da Bot&amp;acirc;nica e da Zoologia. Contudo, a an&amp;aacute;lise de &lt;em&gt;Philosophia Botanica&lt;/em&gt;, na qual Lineu explica os seus crit&amp;eacute;rios de classifica&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e nomenclatura, juntamente com a dos trabalhos acima mencionados, conduz a uma interpreta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o diferente da nomenclatura de Lineu. Em nenhum dos trabalhos Lineu afirmou, ou mesmo sugeriu, que o nome cient&amp;iacute;fico de uma esp&amp;eacute;cie deveria ser composto por apenas duas palavras. Pelo contr&amp;aacute;rio, e tal como os seus antecessores, Lineu explicitamente adoptou designa&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es polinomiais como nomes cient&amp;iacute;ficos leg&amp;iacute;timos das esp&amp;eacute;cies. Numa tentativa para determinar como a nomenclatura binominal foi estabelecida como sistema nomenclatural, algumas obras-chave do s&amp;eacute;c. XVIII escritas por naturalistas como C. A. Clerck, G. A. Scopoli, W. Hudson, P. S. Pallas, S. G. Gmelin e J. Ch. Fabricius foram analisadas.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Assis CA. 2014. Binominal nomenclature - The aphorism that Linnaeus never proposed. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 161-195.</text>
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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Sobre a hist&amp;oacute;ria do estudo do comportamento animal.</text>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro:  &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Luís Vicente</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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Resumo em inglês&#13;
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                <text>Abstract&#13;
My forays into the discipline of History of Biological Thought began years ago with a challenge of Prof. Carlos Almaça to introduce, in the program, a block of lessons on the history of the study of animal behaviour, lectured by me. Later he suggested I  should write about this topic, which, for a reason or another, never came to pass. So, in this tribute to my late friend and master, I will finally discuss this theme, thus fulfilling his proposal. &#13;
&#13;
Resumo&#13;
As minhas incursões na disciplina de História do Pensamento Biológico começaram há anos com um desafio do Prof. Carlos Almaça para que introduzisse no programa um bloco de aulas sobre a história do estudo do comportamento animal que eu ministraria. Mais tarde sugeriu-me que escrevesse sobre o assunto, o que, por uma ou outra razão, nunca veio a acontecer. Assim, nesta homenagem ao saudoso amigo e mestre, será este tema que finalmente abordarei por escrito, respondendo assim à sua proposta.</text>
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                <text>Vicente L. 2014. Sobre a hist&amp;oacute;ria do estudo do comportamento animal. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt; MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 121-160.</text>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Microrreservas em entomologia: uma abordagem &amp;agrave; conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de &lt;em&gt;Euryphara contentei&lt;/em&gt; (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea) em Portugal</text>
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Paula Cristina Simões</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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Resumo em inglês&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;This paper briefly summarizes multiple factors, mostly ecological and historical, responsible for the hot-spot character of Portugal&amp;nbsp; with respect to insect biodiversity and endemicity. It treats specifically the Cicadoidea, giving the distributional status of each of the thirteen recorded cicada species. Attention is called to the fact that most Portuguese cicadas nowadays have a scattered distribution, which in a few cases makes the species extremely vulnerable. A good example of this is &lt;em&gt;Euryphara contentei&lt;/em&gt;, one of the rarest and most endangered cicadas present in Portugal and whose status is here discussed. Extensive field-work during the recent years recorded &lt;em&gt;E. contentei&amp;nbsp; &lt;/em&gt;in just four small residual patches of vegetation, specifically in the areas of Beringel and Sousel, in the Alentejo province. Some of these refuges are small fragments of vegetation by roads or even narrow paths with grass and other herbaceous plants along their sides where this cicada was found. Limitations and eventual benefits of the so called entomological microreserves are briefly discussed and evaluated. On the other hand and having in mind the expected conservation benefits from the protection of such mosaics of vegetational patches, the authors suggest the urgent need to convert the four biotopes where &lt;em&gt;E. contentei&lt;/em&gt; occurs into microreserves. Finally, emphasis is given to the fact that we are badly in need of further field-work and that management procedures to increase connectivity should be tested with respect of their conservation value, such as the implementation of ecological corridors and the translocation of specimens.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;Ap&amp;oacute;s refer&amp;ecirc;ncia &amp;agrave; elevada diversidade entomol&amp;oacute;gica do nosso territ&amp;oacute;rio e aos factores que ter&amp;atilde;o concorrido para a mesma, &amp;eacute; feita uma an&amp;aacute;lise geral das treze esp&amp;eacute;cies de cicad&amp;iacute;deos lusit&amp;acirc;nicos. &amp;Eacute; chamada a aten&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de que praticamente todas estas esp&amp;eacute;cies possuem hoje distribui&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es mais ou menos fragmentadas, dando-se &amp;ecirc;nfase &amp;agrave; situa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de &lt;em&gt;Euryphara contentei&lt;/em&gt;, uma das mais raras e amea&amp;ccedil;adas cigarras do nosso pa&amp;iacute;s. Em resultado de extensivo trabalho de campo conduzido durante os &amp;uacute;ltimos anos, &lt;em&gt;E. contentei&lt;/em&gt; apenas foi encontrada em quatro pequenas &amp;aacute;reas residuais, nomeadamente junto a Beringel e a Sousel, no Alentejo. Alguns destes ref&amp;uacute;gios s&amp;atilde;o pequenas manchas de vegeta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o adjacentes a bermas de estradas, ou mesmo das pr&amp;oacute;prias bermas. &amp;Eacute; feita seguidamente uma breve discuss&amp;atilde;o das limita&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es e eventuais benef&amp;iacute;cios das chamadas microrreservas entomol&amp;oacute;gicas. Por outro lado, tendo em conta as vantagens que poder&amp;atilde;o advir da protec&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o dessas pequenas parcelas de vegeta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, especialmente quando em mosaico, &amp;eacute; feita a proposta da cria&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o&amp;nbsp; de microrreservas nos quatro s&amp;iacute;tios onde &lt;em&gt;E. contentei&lt;/em&gt; sobrevive. Finalmente, chama-se a aten&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o para a necessidade de prospec&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es no terreno mais extensas e detalhadas, bem como para a vantagem de se encetarem eventuais ac&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es de gest&amp;atilde;o envolvendo o aumento da conectividade entre os quatro bi&amp;oacute;topos j&amp;aacute; identificados e outros a descobrir, nomeadamente atrav&amp;eacute;s da implementa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de corredores ecol&amp;oacute;gicos e da pr&amp;oacute;pria transloca&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de exemplares.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Quartau JA, PC Sim&amp;otilde;es.2014. Microrreservas em entomologia: uma abordagem &amp;agrave; conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de &lt;em&gt;Euryphara contentei&lt;/em&gt; (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea) em Portuga. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt; MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 99-119.</text>
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Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Os pequenos mamíferos como modelos na avaliação da biodiversidade.</text>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro:  &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Maria da Luz Mathias,&#13;
Maria da Graça Ramalhinho</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves &#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Português&#13;
Resumo em inglês</text>
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                <text>Abstract &lt;br /&gt;The loss of biodiversity is nowadays a global concern, being habit loss and fragmentation taken as major drivers in the distribution and abundance of organisms. Apart ethical problems, the loss of biodiversity may indirectly influence the equilibrium and functioning of ecosystems by both increasing their vulnerability to external factors and decreasing their stability. In 2004, the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity suggested a framework to help measuring the progress towards the 2010 Countdown target of suspending the loss of biodiversity. As such, biodiversity indicators, associated with several focal areas, were proposed. In this review we assess the relevance of small mammals as models in the evaluation of biodiversity by applying biodiversity indicators to previous studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;A perda da biodiversidade &amp;eacute; hoje em dia uma preocupa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o mundial, sendo a destrui&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o do habitat e a fragmenta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o das popula&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es consideradas entre as principais causas de decl&amp;iacute;nio da biodiversidade. A perda de biodiversidade pode indirectamente influenciar o equil&amp;iacute;brio e funcionamento dos ecossistemas tanto aumentando a sua vulnerabilidade a factores externos como diminuindo a sua estabilidade. Em 2004, a Confer&amp;ecirc;ncia das Partes da Conven&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o das Na&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es Unidas sobre a diversidade biol&amp;oacute;gica prop&amp;ocirc;s diversos indicadores, associados a v&amp;aacute;rias &amp;aacute;reas focais, como ferramentas para avaliar o progresso em direc&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o &amp;agrave; meta de suspender a perda de biodiversidade at&amp;eacute; 2010. Na presente an&amp;aacute;lise pretende-se demonstrar a relev&amp;acirc;ncia dos pequenos mam&amp;iacute;feros como modelos na avalia&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da biodiversidade, aplicando indicadores de biodiversidade a estudos anteriores.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mathias ML, MG Ramalhinho. 2014. Os pequenos mam&amp;iacute;feros como modelos na avalia&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da biodiversidade. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt; MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 57-97.</text>
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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Disentangling the evolutionary history of the genus &lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu lato&lt;/em&gt;, a twenty years adventure</text>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro: &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Patrick Berrebi,&#13;
Anne Chenuil,&#13;
Petr Kotlik,&#13;
Annie Machordom,&#13;
Costas S Tsigenopoulos</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106258">
                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Inglês &#13;
Resumo em português</text>
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                <text>&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;During the period 1965-1985, Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a produced a great amount of data on the &lt;em&gt;Barbus &lt;/em&gt;group. From the end of the eighties, he joined a European consortium ("&lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt; Roundtables") which aimed at developing methods and concepts, gathering numerous specialists from different fields like systematics and genetics, around Europe. At present, we may consider that the structure of &lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu lato&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;s.l.&lt;/em&gt;) is relatively well known, even if some new results are still pending and other studies still needed. &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; which was first defined on the trivial character of the presence of barbels around the mouth, has proved to include diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid lineages, themselves polyphyletic, which explains the difficulty to establish a comprehensive taxonomy. The numerous contributions published since 1990, based on karyology and molecular markers gave us a clear view of the main attributes of the evolutionary history of this complex group. First, according to taxonomy rules, the "true &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;" (&lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu stricto&lt;/em&gt;) are composed of tetraploid species distributed around the Mediterranean, including Danubian and Mesopotamian (Tigris and Euphrates) regions. They are composed of a north Mediterranean lineage (&lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt; subgenus) and a south Mediterranean lineage (&lt;em&gt;Luciobarbus&lt;/em&gt; subgenus). Other tetraploid &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l. &lt;/em&gt;are known in South Africa. &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; includes also diploid and hexaploid lineages. Diploids are widespread and diversified, comprising Asian (mainly south-east Asia) and African species. The phylogenetic relationships between diploid and polyploid species need yet to be described. Hexaploid &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; probably appeared after hybridization between tetraploid species (as evidenced for the genus &lt;em&gt;Capoeta&lt;/em&gt;). A clear and homogeneous hexaploid lineage can be followed from Middle East up to South Africa. This rapid African radiation constituted the genus &lt;em&gt;Labeobarbus&lt;/em&gt;, the "large &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;", occupying the entire continent. The present contribution develops both the known structure of this "Chinese puzzle" and the history of its description, which is not yet finished.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;Durante os anos de 1965 a 1985, o Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a produziu uma grande quantidade de dados sobre o grupo &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;. No final dos anos 80, ele aderiu ao cons&amp;oacute;rcio europeu &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt; Rountables&amp;rdquo;, que tinha por objectivo desenvolver m&amp;eacute;todos e conceitos, agregando v&amp;aacute;rios especialistas de toda a Europa, de diferentes &amp;aacute;reas como a sistem&amp;aacute;tica e a gen&amp;eacute;tica. Presentemente, podemos considerar que a estrutura de &lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu lato&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;s.l.&lt;/em&gt;) &amp;eacute; relativamente bem conhecida, apesar de alguns novos resultados ainda carecerem de confirma&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e&amp;nbsp; de estudos adicionais serem necess&amp;aacute;rios. &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; foi definido tendo por base um caracter trivial, a presen&amp;ccedil;a de barbilhos, tendo-se verificado que inclui linhagens dipl&amp;oacute;ides, tetrapl&amp;oacute;ides e hexapl&amp;oacute;ides, sendo estas polifil&amp;eacute;ticas, o que explica a dificuldade em estabelecer uma taxonomia. As numerosas contribui&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es publicadas desde 1990, baseadas em marcadores cariol&amp;oacute;gicos e moleculares, permitem-nos ter um panorama claro da hist&amp;oacute;ria evolutiva deste grupo complexo. Em primeiro lugar, e de acordo com as regras de taxonomia, os &amp;ldquo;verdadeiros &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo; (&lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu stricto&lt;/em&gt;) incluem esp&amp;eacute;cies tetrapl&amp;oacute;ides, com distribui&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o ao redor do Meditarr&amp;ecirc;neo, incluindo as regi&amp;otilde;es do Dan&amp;uacute;bio e da Mesopot&amp;acirc;nia (Tigre e Eufrates). Eles incluem a linhagem do norte do Mediterr&amp;acirc;neo (g&amp;eacute;nero &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;) e uma linhagem do sul do Mediterr&amp;acirc;neo (g&amp;eacute;nero &lt;em&gt;Luciobarbus&lt;/em&gt;). Existem &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; tetrapl&amp;oacute;ides na &amp;Aacute;frica do Sul. Os &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l. &lt;/em&gt;dipl&amp;oacute;ides t&amp;ecirc;m uma vasta distribui&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e s&amp;atilde;o muito diversificados, incluindo esp&amp;eacute;cies asi&amp;aacute;ticas (em especial do sudoeste asi&amp;aacute;tico) e africanas. As rela&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es filogen&amp;eacute;ticas entre as esp&amp;eacute;cies dipl&amp;oacute;ides e polipl&amp;oacute;ides ainda est&amp;atilde;o por descrever. Pensa-se que os &lt;em&gt;Barbus s.l.&lt;/em&gt; hexapl&amp;oacute;ides ter&amp;atilde;o aparecido por hibrida&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o entre esp&amp;eacute;cies tetrapl&amp;oacute;ides (conforme evidenciado para o g&amp;eacute;nero &lt;em&gt;Capoeta&lt;/em&gt;). Uma r&amp;aacute;pida homogeniza&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da linhagem hexapl&amp;oacute;ide pode ser observada do M&amp;eacute;dio Oriente para a &amp;Aacute;frica do Sul. Esta r&amp;aacute;pida radia&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o africana constitui o g&amp;eacute;nero &lt;em&gt;Labeobarbus&lt;/em&gt;, os &amp;ldquo;grandes &lt;em&gt;Barbus&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo;, que se distribuem por todo o continente. A presente contribui&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o procurar desenvolver a estrutura deste &amp;ldquo;puzzle Chin&amp;ecirc;s&amp;rdquo; e a hist&amp;oacute;ria da sua descri&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, a qual ainda n&amp;atilde;o est&amp;aacute; fechada.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Berrebi P, A Chenuil, P Kotl&amp;iacute;k , A Machordom, CS Tsigenopoulos. 2014. Disentangling the evolutionary history of the genus &lt;em&gt;Barbus sensu lato&lt;/em&gt;, a twenty years adventure. &lt;em&gt;In&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 29-55.</text>
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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Um passeio pelo Adriático.</text>
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                <text>Prefácio do Livro : "Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse".</text>
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                <text>Luís Vicente</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="106039">
                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Português  &#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>"Fevereiro de 1966 ao fim da tarde.&#13;
Uma réstea de sol entra por uma nesga da janela do gabinete. As dimensões da sala de paredes brancas e tecto alto são generosas. Porém parece pequena, tal é a desarrumação que grassa por todo o lado. Uma mesa com uma lupa ao lado da qual se acumulam vários frascos com peixes em formol. Mais frascos no chão e, entre eles, pilhas desordenadas de livros, cadernos e papéis diversos. Noutra mesa empilham-se mais papéis. Existe uma secretária e por trás dela uma velha estante onde se encontram vários dossiers entremeados de livros. Entre estes dominam catálogos de peixes de água doce, atlas geográficos e outros em cujas lombadas se identificam nomes de autores como Ronald A. Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, Sewall Wright, Ernst Mayr e G. G. Simpson. Curiosamente, misturado com estes, um pequenino livro de ficção científica daqueles da colecção Argonauta dos Livros do Brasil dá uma imagem de contradição ao gabinete do cientista; ou talvez não. Sobre uma pilha no chão ao pé da secretária a Origem das Espécies em tradução portuguesa. Ao lado um grosso volume da obra de Grassé. É sobre peixes. Em cima deste, a edição de 1943 do General Zoology de Tracy Storer e ainda a edição de 1957 do Zoogeography de Darlington.&#13;
    Sentado à secretária, envolto numa nuvem de fumo, Carlos Almaça, concentrado, manipula uma velha calculadora mecânica “Facit”, ao mesmo tempo que vai escrevendo números a lápis numa enorme folha de papel quadriculado. Sobre a secretária, aberto e cheio de anotações a lápis, o Quantitative Zoology de Simpson, Roe e Lewontin. A secretária é também caótica. Num cinzeiro redondo de vidro fumega um cachimbo abandonado. Latas de tabaco, um maço vermelho de SG-gigante meio consumido, uma placa de cortiça pejada de alfinetes entomológicos, um jarro de água cheio de gelo, caixas de aspirina e papéis e mais papéis (...)”. &#13;
Extrato do Prefácio</text>
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                <text>Vicente L. 2014. Um passeio pelo Adriático. In: Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Lisboa, pp. 9-27</text>
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                <text>Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a, Bi&amp;oacute;logo, Professor Catedr&amp;aacute;tico da Faculdade de Ci&amp;ecirc;ncias da Universidade de Lisboa entre 1979 e 2004, foi Director do Museu Bocage (actual Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia do MNHNC) entre 1984 e 2004.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Neste livro fala-se de Barbus sensu lato, do estudo dos mam&amp;iacute;feros em Portugal a partir do s&amp;eacute;culo XX, dos pequenos mam&amp;iacute;feros como modelos na avalia&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da biodiversidade, de microrreservas em Entomologia, da hist&amp;oacute;ria do estudo do comportamento animal, de Lineu, de Evolu&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e Sociedade, de &lt;em&gt;refugia&lt;/em&gt;, de diversidade gen&amp;eacute;tica, de colec&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es zool&amp;oacute;gicas, de antropologia, da hist&amp;oacute;ria da hist&amp;oacute;ria natural em Portugal, de bibliotecas darwinianas. (...) S&amp;atilde;o alguns dos seus interesses que alguns dos seus disc&amp;iacute;pulos aqui testemunham. A biologia, a ecologia, a biodiversidade, a biogeografia, a evolu&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, a conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da natureza, a filosofia, a hist&amp;oacute;ria.&amp;rdquo; Lu&amp;iacute;s Vicente (in Pref&amp;aacute;cio) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3754"&gt;Pref&amp;aacute;cio Um passeio pelo Adri&amp;aacute;tico 9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3754"&gt;Lu&amp;iacute;s Vicente &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3755"&gt;Disentangling the evolutionary history of the genus Barbus sensu lato, a twenty years adventure 29 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3755"&gt;Patrick Berrebi, Anne Chenuil, Petr Kotl&amp;iacute;k, Annie Machordom &amp;amp; Costas S. Tsigenopoulos &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3756"&gt;Os pequenos mam&amp;iacute;feros como modelos na avalia&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o da biodiversidade 57 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3756"&gt;Maria da Luz Mathias &amp;amp; Maria da Gra&amp;ccedil;a Ramalhinho &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3757"&gt;Microrreservas em entomologia: uma abordagem &amp;agrave; conserva&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de Euryphara contentei (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea) em Portugal 99&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3757"&gt;Jos&amp;eacute; Alberto Quartau &amp;amp; Paula Cristina Sim&amp;otilde;es&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3758"&gt;Sobre a hist&amp;oacute;ria do estudo do comportamento animal 121&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3758"&gt; Lu&amp;iacute;s Vicente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3759"&gt;Binominal nomenclature - The aphorism that Linnaeus never proposed 161&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3759"&gt;Carlos A. Assis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3760"&gt;Pensar a nossa esp&amp;eacute;cie &amp;agrave; luz da teoria evolutiva: passado e presente 197&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3760"&gt;Filipa Vala &amp;amp; Margarida Matos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3761"&gt;De que falamos quando falamos em refugia? 239&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3761"&gt;Pedro Duarte-Rodrigues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3762"&gt;Diversidade gen&amp;eacute;tica 277&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3762"&gt;Ant&amp;oacute;nio Amorim&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3763"&gt;As cole&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es zool&amp;oacute;gicas do Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia 289&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3763"&gt;Maria Judite Alves, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira, Alexandra Cartaxana, Diana Carvalho, Teresa Catry, Alexandra Mar&amp;ccedil;al Correia, Jos&amp;eacute; Pedro Granadeiro, Lu&amp;iacute;s Filipe Lopes, Paulo A. M. Marques, Natacha Mesquita &amp;amp; Rui Rebelo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3764"&gt;O passado, presente e futuro como ilus&amp;atilde;o persistente: A antropologia biol&amp;oacute;gica no Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural 303 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3764"&gt;Hugo Cardoso &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3765"&gt;O &amp;ldquo;Arquivo Hist&amp;oacute;rico Museu Bocage&amp;rdquo; e a hist&amp;oacute;ria da hist&amp;oacute;ria natural em Portugal 329&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3765"&gt;Lu&amp;iacute;s M. P. Cer&amp;iacute;aco &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3766"&gt;Bibliotecas darwinianas em Portugal: apresenta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o de um estudo bibliom&amp;eacute;trico de Darwin em Portugal 359 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.museus.ul.pt/items/show/3766"&gt;Ana Leonor Pereira, Jo&amp;atilde;o Rui Pita &amp;amp; Pedro Ricardo Fonseca&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Museu de Lisboa. Comunica não estar ainda em condições de saber de que duplicados dispõe o museu, mas promete fazer um envio contemplando as espécies desejadas num curto espaço de tempo. Relativamente a espécies endémicas dos Açores, informa que dificilmente poderá proceder a um envio devido ao reduzido número de duplicados que possui.</text>
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