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                  <text>Professor Carlos Almaça (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em Áreas Científicas do Seu Interesse</text>
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                  <text>Homenagem Professor Carlos Almaça</text>
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                  <text>Livro de homenagem ao Professor Carlos Almaça, com artigos em diversas áreas cientificas do seu interesse</text>
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                  <text>Editores:&#13;
Maria Judite Alves&#13;
Alexandra Cartaxana&#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia&#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes</text>
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                <text>Binominal nomenclature - The aphorism that Linnaeus never proposed.</text>
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                <text>Artigo do Livro:  &lt;em&gt;Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Carlos A Assis</text>
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                <text>Maria Judite Alves&#13;
 Alexandra Cartaxana &#13;
Alexandra Marçal Correia &#13;
Luis Filipe Lopes&#13;
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                <text>Inglês  &#13;
Resumo em português&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;The development of the binominal system of biological nomenclature, universally used among scientists to name all living species, has been unquestionably attributed to Linnaeus (Carl von Linn&amp;eacute;). That conviction, propagated in numerous works dealing with systematics, is so definite that &lt;em&gt;Species Plantarum&lt;/em&gt; (1753) and &lt;em&gt;Systema Naturae&lt;/em&gt; (10th edition, 1758) were taken as starting points for the enforcement of the international codes of botanical and zoological nomenclature, respectively. The main argument is that those were the first published works where binominal nomenclature was consistently used to designate species in unabridged publications on botany and zoology. Notwithstanding, an analysis of &lt;em&gt;Philosophia Botanica&lt;/em&gt;, in which Linnaeus explains the bases of his principles on classification and nomenclature, along with that of the above mentioned works, leads to a different interpretation of Linnaeus&amp;rsquo; nomenclature. Nowhere in his works did Linnaeus state, or even suggest, that the scientific name of a species should be composed of two words only. On the contrary, Linnaeus explicitly adopted polynomial designations as the legitimate scientific names for species, just as his predecessors did. As an attempt to find how binominal nomenclature was established as a scientific nomenclatural system some 18th century key works of naturalists C. A. Clerck, G. A. Scopoli, W. Hudson, P. S. Pallas, S. G. Gmelin and J. Ch. Fabricius were analysed.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="BasicParagraph"&gt;Resumo&lt;br /&gt;O desenvolvimento da nomenclatura binominal, universalmente utilizada entre os cientistas para designar esp&amp;eacute;cies biol&amp;oacute;gicas, tem sido inquestionavelmente atribu&amp;iacute;do a Lineu (Carl von Linn&amp;eacute;). Tal convic&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, divulgada por numerosos trabalhos de sistem&amp;aacute;tica, &amp;eacute; t&amp;atilde;o inequ&amp;iacute;voca que &lt;em&gt;Species Plantarum&lt;/em&gt; (1753) e &lt;em&gt;Systema Naturae&lt;/em&gt; (10&amp;ordf; edi&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, 1758) s&amp;atilde;o tomados como pontos de partida para a aplica&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o das normas institu&amp;iacute;das nos c&amp;oacute;digos internacionais de nomenclatura bot&amp;acirc;nica e zool&amp;oacute;gica, respectivamente. O principal argumento &amp;eacute; que esses foram os primeiros trabalhos em que a nomenclatura binominal foi consistentemente utilizada para designar esp&amp;eacute;cies em publica&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es abrangentes nas &amp;aacute;reas da Bot&amp;acirc;nica e da Zoologia. Contudo, a an&amp;aacute;lise de &lt;em&gt;Philosophia Botanica&lt;/em&gt;, na qual Lineu explica os seus crit&amp;eacute;rios de classifica&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o e nomenclatura, juntamente com a dos trabalhos acima mencionados, conduz a uma interpreta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o diferente da nomenclatura de Lineu. Em nenhum dos trabalhos Lineu afirmou, ou mesmo sugeriu, que o nome cient&amp;iacute;fico de uma esp&amp;eacute;cie deveria ser composto por apenas duas palavras. Pelo contr&amp;aacute;rio, e tal como os seus antecessores, Lineu explicitamente adoptou designa&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es polinomiais como nomes cient&amp;iacute;ficos leg&amp;iacute;timos das esp&amp;eacute;cies. Numa tentativa para determinar como a nomenclatura binominal foi estabelecida como sistema nomenclatural, algumas obras-chave do s&amp;eacute;c. XVIII escritas por naturalistas como C. A. Clerck, G. A. Scopoli, W. Hudson, P. S. Pallas, S. G. Gmelin e J. Ch. Fabricius foram analisadas.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Assis CA. 2014. Binominal nomenclature - The aphorism that Linnaeus never proposed. &lt;em&gt;In: Professor Carlos Alma&amp;ccedil;a (1934-2010) - Estado da Arte em &amp;Aacute;reas Cient&amp;iacute;ficas do Seu Interesse&lt;/em&gt;. MJ Alves, A Cartaxana, AM Correia, LF Lopes (eds), Museu Nacional de Hist&amp;oacute;ria Natural e da Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia, Lisboa, pp. 161-195.</text>
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                <text>Luis Filipe Lopes (digitalização)</text>
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
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Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
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Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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          <name>Data de colheita</name>
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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              <text>&lt;i&gt;Polyommatus icarus&lt;/i&gt; (Rottemburg, 1775)</text>
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                <text>A Borboleta azul comum, em Portugal, voa de Março a Outubro ao longo de três gerações. Os ovos são colocados individualmente e demoraram cerca de uma semana para eclodir. Como lagarta alimenta-se de trevos e luzernas e hiberna. A crisálida forma-se na base do planta hospedeira ou mesmo no solo. As borboletas emergem cerca de duas semanas depois. Em comum com muitas outras espécies de borboletas azuis, as lagartas desta espécie são adoptadas por formigas que as levam para dentro dos seus ninhos.</text>
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                <text>The Common Blue Butterfly as three generations per year in Portugal and flies from March to October. The eggs are laid singly on the foodplants and take around a week to hatch. As caterpillar feeds on clover and alfalfa and hibernates. Pupation occurs either at the base of the foodplant or amongst litter on the ground and adult butterflies emerge after around two weeks. In common with many other species of blue butterflies, the caterpillars of the common blue are attractive to ants when they are fully grown. The pupae are also attractive to ants and are often carried away into ant nests</text>
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                <text>Maria João Verdasca (metadados)</text>
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                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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              <text>&lt;i&gt;Polyommatus icarus&lt;/i&gt; (Rottemburg, 1775)</text>
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              <text>Azul Comum</text>
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          <name>Data de colheita</name>
          <description>Data em que espécime foi colectado.</description>
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                <text>Borboleta Azul Comum</text>
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                <text>Common Blue (&lt;i&gt;Polyommatus icarus&lt;/i&gt;)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Entomologia</text>
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                <text>Borboletas</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
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                <text>Norte de África, Europa e Ásia. Dispersa em Portugal</text>
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                <text>North Africa, Europe and Asia. Dispersed in Portugal</text>
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                <text>A Borboleta azul comum, em Portugal, voa de Março a Outubro ao longo de três gerações. Os ovos são colocados individualmente e demoraram cerca de uma semana para eclodir. Como lagarta alimenta-se de trevos e luzernas e hiberna. A crisálida forma-se na base do planta hospedeira ou mesmo no solo. As borboletas emergem cerca de duas semanas depois. Em comum com muitas outras espécies de borboletas azuis, as lagartas desta espécie são adoptadas por formigas que as levam para dentro dos seus ninhos.</text>
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                <text>The Common Blue Butterfly as three generations per year in Portugal and flies from March to October. The eggs are laid singly on the foodplants and take around a week to hatch. As caterpillar feeds on clover and alfalfa and hibernates. Pupation occurs either at the base of the foodplant or amongst litter on the ground and adult butterflies emerge after around two weeks. In common with many other species of blue butterflies, the caterpillars of the common blue are attractive to ants when they are fully grown. The pupae are also attractive to ants and are often carried away into ant nests</text>
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                <text>Maria João Verdasca (fotógrafo)</text>
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                <text>Maria João Verdasca (metadados)</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
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                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
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                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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              <text>&lt;i&gt;Zerynthia rumina&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus, 1758)</text>
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          <name>Data de colheita</name>
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                <text>A borboleta Carnaval é uma espécie univoltina, que voa de Março a Junho. A lagarta alimenta-se de folhas de aristoloquia, a sua planta hospedeira. A crisálida hiberna durante nove meses, podendo estar neste estado até 3 anos, caso as condições ambientais não sejam favoráveis.</text>
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                <text>Spanish festoon has one generation per year and flies from March to June. The caterpillar feeds on leaves of Aristolochia sp. The chrysalis hibernates for nine months and may be in this state for three years if the environmental conditions are not favorable.</text>
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                <text>Maria João Verdasca (fotógrafo)</text>
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                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                <text>A Borboleta Cauda de Andorinha apresenta três gerações por por ano na região do Mediterrâneo voando de março a dezembro. As fêmeas colocam os ovos na arruda ou no funcho e as lagartas eclodem cerca de uma semana depois. As lagartas são activas durante o dia alimentando-se durante cerca de 3 semanas da planta hospedeira. Se as lagartas forem perturbadas, mostram um par de glândulas odoríferas laranja brilhante logo atrás da cabeça, estas estruturas repelem potenciais predadores pelo cheiro forte e desagradável que emitem. Os adultos eclodem três semanas depois da formação da crisálida, ou depois da crisálida hibernar durante o inverno.</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                <text>A cleopatra é uma espécie univoltina, podendo apresentar uma segunda geração se as condições ambientais forem favoráveis. Por volta de Abril, as fêmeas colocam os ovos isoladamente em folhas de aderno. As lagartas eclodem em dez dias e no espaço de um mês crisalidam. Quando as borboletas emergem passam muitas horas a alimentar-se de néctar, por forma a garantirem as reservas necessárias para suportarem a hibernação nos dias frios de Inverno. Só na Primavera seguinte é que esta espécie acasala.</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                  <text>O Borboletário do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência é um jardim silvestre de plantas mediterrânicas habitado por borboletas comuns em Portugal e que podem ser observadas nas diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida: ovo, lagarta, crisálida e adulto. Neste espaço seguem-se três linhas de acção: criação de borboletas, propagação de plantas hospedeiras e educação ambiental. &#13;
 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                <text>The Cabbage Butterfly has 3 generations per year, in Portugal. Eggs are laid in large groups. In the early stages the caterpillars are gregarious, living in groups, which leads to their host plants being totally devoured, sometimes being considered as pests. Only later they become solitary. In Portugal, the chrysalis has winter and summer diapause. It is very common in rural areas and settlements.</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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Contacto / Contact:&#13;
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Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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          <name>Data de colheita</name>
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                <text>Two-tailed Pasha have two generations per year (the second is more abundant) flying from March to October. Males practice hill-topping, which is a behaviour of patrolling and defending the territory of other males. To withstand the cold days of winter, the catterpillar hibernates. The larvae is mimetic with the leaves of the host plant, strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo).</text>
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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 &#13;
The butterfly house of Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência is a Mediterraean garden inhabited by portuguese common butterflies that can be seen in different life cycle stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. This project has three main goals: butterflies rearing, host plants propagation and environmental education. &#13;
 &#13;
Contacto / Contact:&#13;
Adriana Galveias: agalveias@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Ana Sofia Leitão: asleitao@museus.ul.pt&#13;
Maria João Verdasca: mjverdasca@museus.ul.pt&#13;
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7666">
                <text>MUHNAC-0001121-MB-IMG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7674">
                <text>Borboleta dos Ulmeiros</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7675">
                <text>Large Tortoiseshell- butterfly</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7676">
                <text>Entomologia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7677">
                <text>Borboletas</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7678">
                <text>Insectos</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7679">
                <text>Entomology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7680">
                <text>Butterflies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7681">
                <text>Insects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7683">
                <text>21-05-2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="88">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7684">
                <text>Bacia mediterrânica, norta de Escandinavia, leste de Europa e vários países da Ásiam (até aos Himalaias). Em Portugal é frequente em zonas montanhosas do centro e do norte. No Algarve encontra-se ameaçada pela concorrência que exerce o Eucalipto.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7685">
                <text>Mediterranean basin, north of Escadinavia, East Europe and several countries of Asia (until The Himalaya). In Portugal is located in mountain areas of the center and the noth of the country. It's threatened by Eucaliptus competition.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7686">
                <text>A Borboleta dos Olmos (Nymphalis polichloros) tem só uma geração por ano, sendo la fase adulta de Junho até Outubro. A fémea  põe de 70 a 80 ovos de cor castanho e estriados. A postura de ovos é feita nomeadamente nas ramas dos olmos (Ulmuss spp) ainda que também possam-se encontrar nos salgueiros, nos choupos e também em outras árvores frutais. A lagarta vive um grupos até a última muda, já que depois crisalida de forma indepentente em ramos seco ou numa parede. A metamorfose dura entre 2 e 3 semanas e o adulto entra em diapausa durante o verão, reduzindo-se a taxa de crescimento durante esta estação.  Hibernam durante o inverno e não reaparece até a Primavera.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7687">
                <text>The lLarge Torotiseshell (&lt;i&gt;Nymphalis polychloros&lt;/i&gt;) has only one generation for year and her adulhood from June to October. The female lays down about 70 or 80 eggs brown and striated. The egg-laying is done in such branches of elms (Ulmuss spp) although it can also be found in willows, poplars and also in other fruit trees. The caterpillars are living in a group until the last change, and after that, they get pre-Chrysalid which is done so independient  in dry branches or in a wall. The Metamorphosis lasts 2 to 3 weeks and the adult enter into diapause during the summer, reducing the growth rate in this season. Hibernate during the winter and does not reappear until spring.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7688">
                <text>Sergio Barrientos Herrero (fotógrafo)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7689">
                <text>Maria João Verdasca (metadados)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7690">
                <text>fotografia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7691">
                <text>MNHNL-0001085-MB-IMG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7692">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="98">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7693">
                <text>Copyright © Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência - Portugal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7694">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
